In African American enrolled in WIC, there was no relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and maternal control over physical activity or child eating behaviors. Findings also revealed moderate to high levels of maternal control among WIC participants who breastfed for 3 months.
WIC participation is associated with an increase in breastfeeding initiation among black mothers by nearly 7%, with no statistically significant effect among white mothers.
These results demonstrate the utility of the HAPA model in predicting exclusive breastfeeding behavior among low-income women attending WIC. LATCH is a theoretically sound text messaging intervention that can be used to augment and reinforce the WIC breastfeeding peer counseling process.
The review demonstrated an improved dietary intake and an increase in the availability of healthier foods and beverages in authorized WIC stores. The revised food package was also associated with improved dietary intake of WIC participants. Mixed results were demonstrated in regard to improved breastfeeding outcomes.
Substitution of flavored milk has the potential to reduce energy and total and saturated fat intake with no impact on diet costs or micronutrient density.
Although WIC revised the food packages to create a stronger incentive for breastfeeding, a disincentive for breastfeeding may exist given the higher market value of the formula packages
Rates of ever breastfed children are rising nationally but the increase is not associated with changes in WIC's new food package
Offering immunizations at the time of WIC appointments may increase overall rates of childhood immunizations in rural environments
The following characteristics were associated with reduced odds of smoking 3 months prior to pregnancy: being 17 years old or younger, Hispanic, a high school graduate, urban location, normal body mass index, no live births prior to current pregnancy, and using multi-vitamins. Results from this study indicate that the WIC population in rural areas may have different needs regarding smoking cessation programming than the urban WIC population
WIC clients were made to participate in a whooping cough education model, learning was evaluted using a pre and post test, clients indicated that they were more likely to vaccinate themselves and the child after the model
