Natural selection was iatrogenically rendered artificial selection, and the frequency of obese, inactive, metabolically compromised phenotypes increased in the global population. By the late 20th century, a metabolic tipping point was reached at which the postprandial insulin response was so intense, the relative number of adipocytes so large, and inactivity so pervasive that the competitive dominance of adipocytes in the sequestering of nutrient energy was inevitable and obesity was unavoidable.
WIC participants consumed more cereals while on WIC and consumed more WIC approved brands. Once they left the program, they still tended to consume WIC approved cereal brands
The review committee targeted amounts of food, specifications for foods and additional substitutions of options for foods. They recommended reducing the quantities of items supplied in more than supplemental forms, increasing foods that were under consumed (FNV) and adjusted criteria to include whole grains while reducing added sugar consumption. Additional options were added for vegan participants.
WIC participants had the greatest inadequate nutrient intake for vitamin E and fiber, followed by magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin C and calcium
Compared to non-WIC participants, children living in a household currently receiving WIC benefits children consumed nearly double the amount of red and orange vegetables (0.04), and significantly fewer teaspoons of added sugars (15 vs. 18 tsp, p=0.002) after controlling for age, sex, race, and household income.
There has been an increase in healthful food after the revised food packages became available. Additionally, results show that the new food packages have an impact on healthier food intake as well, specifically whole grains, lower fat milk, and fruits and vegetables.
WFS participants consumed more fruit (2.7 cups/day) but less vegetables (1.4 cups/day) than did women nationwide (1.1 and 1.4 cups/day, respectively; P <0.01). Although participants consumed recommended amounts of fruit, their vegetable intake was below recommended levels.
The 2009 WIC revisions led to a substantial decrease in purchases of whole milk and cheese among WIC families in New England.
After the package change, usual energy intakes exceeded recommended levels for infants but fell below recommended levels for toddlers. Also after the package change, mean usual intake of vitamin D was below the EAR for toddlers, and mean usual intakes of vitamin A and zinc exceeded the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for all groups.
These findings demonstrate that positive changes in dietary intake and reductions in obesity followed implementation of the USDA-mandated cost-neutral revisions to the WIC food package for the hundreds of thousands of young children participating in the NYS WIC program.
