WIC Research, Policy and Practice Hub WIC Research, Policy and Practice Hub

WIC Food Package


Compliance with Dietary Guidelines and Relationship to Psychosocial Factors in Low-Income Women in Late Postpartum

This study evaluated whether low-income late postpartum women complied with the dietary guidelines. researchers found low compliance rates for recommended intake of grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy foods, total fat, and added sugar. They also found that several psychosocial factors were associated with unhealthy diets, including neglect of self-care, weight-related distress, negative body image, stress, and depressive symptoms.


Assessment of WIC Cost-Containment Practices: Final Report

The researchers examines cost-containment practices in six states, including interviews with the various stakeholders and analysis of WIC administrative data. The authors reached three major conclusions: (1) Cost-containment practices reduced average food package costs by 0.2% to 21.4%, depending on practices implemented and local conditions; (2) the cost-containment practices had few adverse outcomes for WIC participants; and (3) administrative costs of the practices were low, averaging about 1.5% of food package savings.


WIC infant food package issuance data are a valid measure of infant feeding practices

This study investigated whether WIC Infant Food Package Issuance data are a valid source of information about breastfeeding practices. The study concluded that WIC Infant Food Package Issuance data are, indeed, a valid source of information about breastfeeding: Actual breastfeeding practices were in agreement with the type of food package issued. With appropriate funding support, WIC administrative data should be considered for use in nationwide breastfeeding surveillance and monitoring system.


Development of Supplemental Nutrition Care Program for Women, Infants, and Children in Korea: NutriPlus(+)

A public health nutrition intervention was developed in Korea, modeled after WIC. Using combinations of 11 different food items, six food packages were developed. The intervention included nutrition education and promotion of breastfeeding. The result of a 3-year pilot study will be reported separately, along with the outcomes of the nationwide implementation of the NutriPlus(+) nutrition education program in 2008


A Barrier to Exclusive Breastfeeding for WIC Enrollees: Limited Use of Exclusive Breastfeeding Food Package for Mothers

This study explored reasons for high rates of formula supplementation of breastfeeding newborns enrolled in WIC and the limited use of the WIC expanded food package for mothers who breastfed. Results showed that the expanded food package for mothers was not valued. However, free supplemental formula was highly valued. Lack of access to breast pumps, the unacceptability of pumping in the workplace, and difficulties with nursing in public all contributed to formula supplementation.