This study determined the prevalence of inadequate and excessive intakes of zinc in preschool children. In general, American preschool children had excess dietary zinc intakes, and less than 1% of children had zinc intakes below the adequate intake or estimated average requirement.
The researchers identified the barriers to and motivators of behavior change for WIC families. Barriers included lack of parenting skills, lack of knowledge, unhealthy social environments, lack of time, and lack of social or financial support. The motivators included feelings of responsibility, concern for child health and development, and positive social support. Facilitated discussions, support groups, cooking classes, and a WIC website were participants; preferred methods of nutrition education.
The authors researched the development and randomized evaluation of a tailored nutrition education CD-ROM program for WIC Program participants in North Carolina. Their findings suggested that one session of an interactive CD-ROM program could impact mediators of dietary change, but it was insufficient to change behavior.
In this study, a written questionnaire was used to assess the opportunities and challenges of delivering; food safety education within WIC. The sample included directors and health professionals with nutrition counseling responsibilities in 79 WIC clinics in a midwestern state.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a single brief interactive experience of the Little by Little CD-ROM in increasing fruit and vegetable intake in low-income women. Two months after the intervention, participants who were in the intervention groups reported significantly higher fruit and vegetable intake than those in the control group.
This study evaluated the Maryland WIC Food for Life Program, a nutrition education intervention to improve healthy behaviors. Post Intervention, participants in the intervention group consumed a smaller percentage of calories from fat, more fruits and vegetables, and more fiber. There was also a dose-response relationship between the number of nutrition education sessions attended and the magnitude of change from baseline.
The objective of the study was to provide culturally appropriate nutrition education to improve the diets of Vietnamese women. Bicultural, bilingual Vietnamese-American nutrition education assistants taught five; to seven lessons in the Vietnamese language, using nutrition education materials written in Vietnamese. Over time, the dietary nutrient density of calcium, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and potassium significantly improved in the intervention group, compared with the control group.
The authors presented an economic model of a national infant formula market. Their research showed that the behavior of paying customers, manufacturers, and retail stores determined the value of local sole-source contracts to manufacturers. In turn, this value motivated manufacturers to acquire sole-source contracts and make rebate payments that contained the taxpayer cost of providing infant formula to WIC Program participants.
In this study, the researchers analyzed 2004-09 Nielsen scanner-based retail sales data from more than 7,000 stores in 30 states, to examine the effect of winning a WIC sole-source contract on infant formula manufacturers ; market share in supermarkets. According to the findings, the manufacturer holding the WIC contract brand accounted for the vast majority (84%) of all formula sold by the top three manufacturers. The impact of a switch in the manufacturer that held the WIC contract was considerable.
WIC provides participating infants with free infant formula. This study estimated that between 57% and 68% of all infant formula sold in the US was purchased through WIC, based on 2004;06 data, and that formula costs to the WIC Program have increased. After adjusting for inflation, net wholesale prices increased by an average 73% for 26 fluid ounces of reconstituted formula between states ; contracts in effect in December 2008 and the states; previous contracts. As a result of the increase in real net wholesale prices, WIC paid about $127 million more for infant formula over the course of a year.
