WIC Research, Policy and Practice Hub WIC Research, Policy and Practice Hub
Publication Date

April 1, 2008

Type
Topics




Journal Article

Reassessing the WIC Effect: Evidence from the Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System

By Joyce T, Racine A, Yunzal-Butler C

Abstract

Recent analyses differ on how effective the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) is at improving infant health. We use data from nine states that participate in the Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System to address limitations in previous work. With information on the mother’s timing of WIC enrollment, we test whether greater exposure to WIC is associated with less smoking, improved weight gain during pregnancy, better birth outcomes, and greater likelihood of breastfeeding. Our results suggest that much of the often reported association between WIC and lower rates of preterm birth is likely spurious, the result of gestational age bias. We find modest effects of WIC on fetal growth, inconsistent associations between WIC and smoking, limited associations with gestational weight gain, and some relationship with breastfeeding. A WIC effect exists, but on fewer margins and with less impact than has been claimed by policy analysts and advocates.


View Resource

Date Added
March 21, 2018

Citation
Joyce T, Racine A, Yunzal-Butler C (2008) Reassessing the WIC Effect: Evidence from the Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System. Journal Of Policy Analysis And Management: Vol. 27, Issue 2, p. 277-303. Available online: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pam.20325